Friday, August 21, 2020

Opium As A Chinese Saga Essay

The Lure That Was China Amidst everything, she withstood the magnificence of her human progress and past, her inheritance and persona, her kin and culture: China is the ever longed for prize of colonization; of corporate greed; of voyagers of yesteryear and up to this point †for she has everything to be pleased with in some random time. She has accomplishments, creations, items, individuals, make, craftsmanship, inactive information, methods of reasoning, elegance †so with her characteristic assets. Up until the finish of the seventeenth century, China and her kin and their life was as they favored it to be. At that point the West was completely reckless to enjoy China to thorough exchange. China has most perfect exportable items: porcelain, silk, tea. The West love to have them. In any case, there is not a lot that the Chinese need from the West †nor find of any utilization. Explicitly Great Britian, Europe couldn't permit a lopsidedness exchange. Along these lines, in 1793, Britain sent an ambassador and effectively was given an Imperial crowd. The variety of European items introduced was magnificent and would be reasonable for the adjusting of exchange that must be set up between Europe, among Britain and China. It was a mistake. The Emperor composed King George: â€Å". . . As your Ambassador can see with his own eyes, we have all things. I set no an incentive on objects odd or keen, and have no utilization for your country’s fabricates. . . Our Celestial Empire has everything in productive bounty and comes up short on no item inside its own outskirts. There was along these lines no compelling reason to import the fabricates of outside brutes in return for our own produce. In any case, as the tea, silk and porcelain which the Celestial Empire produces, are supreme necessities to European countries and to yourselves, we have allowed, as a sign characteristic of favor, that remote hongs [merchant firms] ought to be set up at Canton, with the goal that your needs may be provided and your nation therefore take part in our usefulness. † (Historywiz, 1999-2005) And the issue started. China Sets A Foothold As the West communicated its fomentation about such awkwardness of exchange, China thenon shut its entryways from exchange. It disengaged itself. It permitted particular remote exchange just by means of the City of Canton (presently Guangzhou). The Europeans couldn't get rid of the Chinese products. So their gold and silver paid for what they need. It never streamed back to Europe on the grounds that there was nothing that the Chinese need from Europe. What drove China to remove itself from Europe is a direct result of the haughtiness the Europeans sought after with respect to exchange. To this the Chinese is unaffected. For the Chinese, they are adequate to themselves. Their certainty is a feeling of prevalence in their race. Their household exchange is hugely rich all alone. China is a nation, a country, a people that is extremely large, exceptionally productive, extremely rich, extremely broadened in normal assets. Besides, as China’s collaboration with the outsiders from that time made them attentive. They felt scared and thusly got defensive of itself. Along these lines, the disconnection. At that point, especially the British, drew the ruse: Opium. Favorable Was Opium Supposed To Be Opium has been in China and its utilization as far back as 12 centuries prior. The design was restorative. It restored looseness of the bowels. Up and until seventeenth century it was sparingly blended in with tobacco as a methods for unwinding. It was said to have been presented by the Arabs, at that point the Portuguese, the Dutch. It is one of the lesser part of exchange that China enjoys however positioned leveled out. This is the thing that the British saw to offset things out with China. In any case, â€Å"in 1729, when the imported product was 200 chests, the Emperor Yung Ching gave the primary enemy of opium proclamation, instituting extreme punishments on the offer of opium and the opening of opium-smoking divans. The importation, in any case, kept on expanding, and by 1790 it added up to more than 4,000 chests every year. In 1796 opium smoking was again restricted, and in 1800 the importation of outside opium was again proclaimed unlawful. Opium was currently stash, yet the reality had no impact on the amount brought into the nation, which rose to 5,000 chests in 1820; 16,000 chests in 1830; 20,000 chests in 1838, and 70,000 chests in 1858. † (La Motte) China accordingly was frightened with the expanding utilization of opium by its kin. It proclaimed a total denial of its exchange. However, the habit that the Chinese developed into towards the medication, urge Western brokers to enter China. On this the Chinese realm is confronting debasement and misrepresentation in its administration. Administration is turning out to be wasteful and feeble rulers are not, at this point able to confront the issues. Regardless of what laws and punishments are forced on the exchange and utilization of opium, it failed to receive any notice. The benefits were a lot for underground Chinese brokers not to scheme with Western sending out dealers. The equalization of exchange is weakening and China was arousing to the scourge. â€Å"In 1839 the Emperor requested Commissioner Lin Tse-Hsu to end the opium exchange. Lin wrote to Queen Victoria, speaking to the British feeling of equity and empathy: ‘We have heard that in your own nation opium is disallowed with the most extreme severity and severity:â€this is a solid verification that you realize beyond any doubt that it is so destructive to humanity. From that point forward you don't allow it to harm your own nation, you should not to have the damaging medication moved to another nation, or more all others, how considerably less to the Inner Land! Of the items which China fares to your remote nations, there isn't one which isn't useful to humanity in some shape or other. There are those which serve for food, those which are valuable, and those which are determined for re-deal; yet all are advantageous. Has China (we should get a kick out of the chance to ask) at any point yet sent forward a harmful article from its dirt? ’ He got no reply. Left all alone to take care of the issue, Lin requested the pulverization of an enormous flexibly of opium put away on Chinese soil. † (HistoryWiz, 1999-2005) Then, the two opium wars followed. China lost. Impacts of Loss Moral Effects All on account of misconception and determination about how to adjust exchange, China needed to encounter a misfortune not simply as far as financial aspects all the more critically the annihilation of their ethical fiber. The lopsidedness isn't just in exchange however pursuing clash towards qualities and shortcomings, predominance and pride. The unconscious Chinese toward the end was the person who followed through on the greater cost as a result of a fixation he in like manner unwittingly created. As a result of the bait of the benefits, even the Chinese himself set in opposition to his own countryman’s annihilation of his profound quality. After such a significant number of long stretches of discouragement because of the gigantic enslavement of the Chinese and the usurping profiteering of the trustworthy Chinese and outside agents, China for unequivocally to work itself consistently to kick the propensity. The head requested that in ten years no more opium traffic will be permitted. Regardless of that China has huge separations as a tremendous land; regardless of that have no suitable methods for media transmission; regardless of that they have not many educated individuals †they all chose to dispose of opium. The West consented to help out China to lift them from their ethical subjugation of chronic drug use. Monetary Effects As a defining moment in the life of China as a country and a people, its misfortune tallied in like manner the decreasing regional rights it holds. China at that point needed to sign the settlements of Nanjing and Tietsin in give up and permitted its entryways again to worldwide exchange. As outside exchange was sought after, Western shippers purchased silk and tea from China, expanding the volume amazingly as years passed by. Along these lines, Chinese ranchers picked to desert delivering food stuff and focused on silk and tea. In this way food costs soar. With five additional ports opened, the previous boatmen who worked in Canton ports met with joblessness. Irritated by rising food costs, the jobless turned out to be increasingly hopeless. It isn't all brilliance with expanded exchange. The moment resurgence of exchange volumes caused a lack in Spanish silver dollars. It must be nullified because of its wild gratefulness and was supplanted by the Mexican dollars. There are likewise awkward nature in the nearby monetary forms. Copper money devalued in light of insufficient gracefully of copper and the wasteful government. This is an all out devastation of the monetary frameworks of China and they were left with the presentation of paper cash in 1853. Another business movement influenced after the misfortune to the opium war was the material business. Materials are delivered by turn in China. The West acquired modest machine made fabrics. That slaughtered neighborhood creation. And afterward there is the essential farming and home developed ventures that were influenced by the progressions in other business exercises. Free enterprise flooded into China’s cognizance but China was not prepared for the big deal round of private enterprise. They were not that educated about overseeing benefit and misfortune. Sociological Effects With the dishonorable misfortune from the opium war, the Chinese lost confidence in the predominance of their race. They came to perceive the predominance of the Westerns. They chose to become acquainted with them and their ways. The Chinese chose to find the political, social and innovative skill of the Western culture. Consequently, they came to know and open up to what discretion and remote relations are about. Political Effects: Since the loss of China was because of the predominance of the Western combat hardware, China investigated the progression of their military and ordnance. They opened present day production lines for current weapons to be delivered. The industrial facilities were set not to bring in cash yet for motivations behind the advancement of Chinese military. The opium war in like manner uncovered the inadequacy of the medieval framework. Its Manchu government got unequipped for securing and overseeing the populace. Destitution won

Sunday, July 12, 2020

Database Marketing Beginners Guide

Database Marketing Beginners Guide Today, almost everything has been digitized or automated. Problem-solvers develop systems that can address the issues at the root. In business, marketing is certainly one of the aspects that management pay a lot of attention to, also in terms of investments.Marketing is a very broad discipline, which is contrary to the general perception that it only covers matters regarding advertising and executing a product or service campaign. It starts way before that, from the time that the business identifies its market and its target consumers. The amount of data to be gathered is voluminous â€" particularly since we are talking about data on the consumers of the company â€" which means there is a danger of getting the wrong information if it is not handled properly.In order to setup and utilize this data effectively, companies use  database marketing. © Shutterstock.com | Max GriboedovIn this article, youll learn about 1) database marketing and its function, 2) the different types of database marketing, 3) how database marketing works, and 4) the challenges and limitations of database marketing.DATABASE MARKETING AND ITS FUNCTIONDatabase marketing refers to “the systematic approach to the gathering, consolidation and processing of all relevant consumer data that is maintained in the existing databases of the company.”The concept of maintaining databases for consumer data is no longer new, since businesses have been doing it for a long time. However, it was only recently, when the amount of consumer data has multiplied, that organizations saw a need to adapt another approach to keep up with the ever-increasing bulk of information.And it is not just the increasing amount of data that has spurred the rise of database marketing. Industries, and even marketing itself, has become increasingly competitive. Media has also evolved in such a way that traditional media is no longer sufficient to keep up with its advancement. Sales channels have also become very crowded.Even the way that business transactions are conducted has also evolved. New methods of purchasing, shopping and payment have been introduced, and the whole purchasing process has sped up. Customers also take a shorter time to make their buying decisions. To this end, database marketing has become very important.Database marketing is especially equipped to handle these huge amounts of data, and process them in a more advanced and sophisticated manner, often making use of automated systems referred to as database management systems, or a DBMS. Traditional marketing approaches involve gathering and consolidation of these consumer data, to be retrieved later on for marketing purposes. With the presence of a DBMS, the data, no matter how huge, is now stored and refined within an automated environment, and subsequently processed through the system’s fea tures or functionalities in the performance or implementation of the organization’s marketing efforts. The DBMS will also be used in the analysis of the data, and this is a feature that is not in the traditional form of direct marketing.It is for this reason that database marketing was also defined as an approach where activities related to communication, promotions, advertising and selling, are based on a DBMS. The data that is generated from the routine selling and marketing activities of the organization is subsequently stored in the DBMS. The DBMS will then refine and process these data for future decision-making.From the above definitions of database marketing, we can now infer its main function, which is as a form of direct marketing to generate communications that are personalized or customized, and are effective in promoting a product or service that the company offers. Since the communications have been personalized for the consumers, the relevancy and interest in the off ered product or service will be higher.TYPES OF DATABASE MARKETINGWe can categorize database marketing into two general types: consumer database marketing and business database marketing. Obviously, what makes them different is their target group; the first one is on consumer data, while the second is concerned with business data.Consumer database marketingThis type of database marketing is mainly designed for companies that are business-to-consumer (B2C), or sell directly to consumers. This calls for tighter security measures in place, particularly with respect to the privacy of the consumers whose data are stored in the database. As a result, many privacy laws apply to these consumer databases.The customer information used in customer database marketing covers information about existing and prospective customers and, aside from name, address, transaction history and demographics, it also often includes the history of communications made between the company and the consumer. Data i s often obtained directly from the consumers, or through third-part data compiling companies.Business database marketingThis type is geared primarily towards business-to-business, or B2B, marketers. Unlike consumer databases, the information contained or stored in business databases are much more advanced, although they are often subject to less restrictions and privacy limitations as the former. They are also not as voluminous as the data involved in consumer database marketing.This is partly one of the reasons why business data marketing is seen to be more limited than consumer database marketing. Data input is often derived from the company’s own sales and marketing departments and, often, through direct interactions with customers. There are also third-party businesses that compiled data for B2B marketers.HOW DATABASE MARKETING WORKSUsually a marketing database includes the following:Names, addresses and other key demographic information about consumersTransaction history, con taining details obtained from delivery or sales systems used by the businessWe can get a better look at the process by following the four stages of database marketing:Stage 1: Data CollectionSources of the information stored in the database are varied, from other systems used by the business to independent data-gathering third-party companies or bodies that provide or sell the information they have compiled. They may also be directly provided by consumers, through lead generation activities including filling up surveys and forms, such as subscription forms.The data that will be collected and stored in the shared marketing database may be obtained through the following:Advertising and public relations efforts of the companyDirect mails sent from the company to its targeted consumersInside and field sales, or actual transactions between the customers and the companyCustomer service representativesTelemarketing and sales promotions conducted by the companyWebsite usageThere are third-p arty companies that sell data to companies that need them for marketing purposes. In other cases, other businesses that compile transaction histories of their own may also share (or even sell) these data to other businesses. Of course, these are subject to privacy laws and regulations, depending on where they are located and what laws govern them.We have identified the three main types of data that are collected for purposes of data marketing. But we can further identify the other types of data that are considered relevant for exactly this purpose.Appended Data, or data that are appended to the names and demographics details of the consumers or businesses being targeted. Examples of appended data include income, purchasing preferences, and credit history. It would largely depend on the market or niche that the business operates in. A company that sells automobiles will consider the following appended data: the current value of the customer’s car and the number of years of ownershi p and usage of the car. A realty company will also look into a client’s length of residence in his current home as well as the number of people in the household. These data will provide a more in-depth look into the consumers.Website Data, or information from websites that make use of cookies and other tools to gather their own data from visitors to their website. People are more familiar with the concept of internet marketing, and this is exactly that: making use of website statistics to get to know their website visitors or customers.Email Marketing Data, or information obtained from email communications and subsequent tracking and follow-up of these communications. The most common methods of gathering this information are email surveys and customer reply forms. Shipping documents are also useful since they contain tracking numbers that will be of use for marketers.One of the biggest risks when it comes to data collection is duplication of data. The database marketing team must see to it that this does not happen, in order to avoid redundancy of information and, obviously, incurring higher costs in data gathering. The business might end up purchasing data from a third-party data compiler when they already have that data to begin with.The data must also be up-to-date, because they will not be relevant if they are no longer applicable in the current period. While it is true that some information may still be useful even if they are of a historical nature, they are mostly used for purposes of comparison. Updated and new data is still the most relevant when it comes to marketing.Businesses maintain their own data warehouse, where all the data gathered will be stored and managed. Part of its function is to keep data updated when necessary. You can say that it serves as the data headquarters, where the data will be managed and disseminated to the branches or departments that need it.Stage 2: Turning Data into KnowledgeAfter the data has been gathered, the next p hase would be analysis of the data into information that can be used for the company’s marketing efforts. Again, this will be through the DBMS, which will then generate communications that will be delivered to the consumers. Statistical techniques will be used on these data, in order to develop models of consumer behavior. From the developed models, it will be easier to make a selection of the customers or consumers who will be targeted for communications. Normally, selection of the customers involves conducting customer segmentation, since this will make it easier to decide what forms of communication to send which group of customers.Stage 3: Delivery of CommunicationsNow it is time to send the reminders, updates, promotions and other marketing communications to the customers.The communication methods used are the same as with traditional direct marketing. Usually, the delivery is done electronically, through e-mail. Basically, those e-mails that arrive in your inbox, are the com munications generated by database marketing teams of a company. If those communications are deemed to be unwanted, they are what are referred to as junk mail, and will likely be delivered to your spam folder.Part of database marketing is also coming up with a schedule when to send these reminders. Customers are easily turned off when companies flood their inboxes with too much communication, while customers also tend to forget the businesses that send updates only every three months or so. Based on the data, you will be able to tell the most reasonable frequency of sending communications to customers.Stage 4: Developing and Evolving Business StrategiesDatabase marketing is not just about creating lists for targeting in a business’ direct communications for marketing purposes. It is actually bigger than that. It does not stop when you were able to send the communications to your customers and were able to translate them into actual sales and revenues for your company.The informatio n that was used will still undergo deeper analysis so management can come up with business strategies targeted for the long-term. Databases play a crucial role in forecasting, which is one of the elements of business decision-making. Customer retention and loyalty, and establishing business reputation, for instance, will benefit from the usage of the data gathered, analyzed, and utilized in communicating with the customers. In the end, it is not just for marketing purposes, but for the overall growth and development of the business.CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS OF DATABASE MARKETINGDatabase marketing is not without its limiting factors. As much as all businesses would want it to be smooth-sailing, there are still challenges and issues that it must contend with from time to time.No uniformity in application. One thing that businesses must understand and accept is that database marketing is not a “one-size-fits-all” application. Just as businesses have varied database marketing syste m designs, their approach in database marketing may also vary, and that depends mainly on the actual needs of the business, as well as its objectives.Tools and technologies availability. An effective database marketing system also relies a lot on the tools or platform used. If the business fails to find one, or to create its own, the operation of the system may not be as expected.Huge investment. Maintaining a database marketing system costs money â€" lots of it. The business must be willing to make a huge investment in this aspect. We are, after all, talking here about technologies, manpower, and even outside or external collaborations or partnerships in gathering or compiling data and even communicating with consumers.Limitation of targeted audience. The most responsive customers when it comes to the use of database marketing are those who are actively participating in the data-gathering collection techniques, such as those who subscribe to mailing lists, fill out surveys and appl ication forms, and who entertain telemarketing and similar promotional tools. Businesses who have a target market that is comprised of consumers who make use of the internet and those who do not, for example, cannot expect to reach all their customers through the use of database marketing. They are only likely to send out communications to the first group â€" the one who uses the internet in their transactions â€" and not the non-Internet users.In the end, database marketing will only be effective if the following conditions are met:If the data or information are accurate and up-to-dateIf the correct analytics or statistical methods are used for analysisIf the software network and the level of connectivity being utilized is also effectiveData is the starting point of database marketing, so that remains to be the key point. Everything starts with data, whether it is the right data and subsequently used properly.

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

Lopez Surname Meaning and Origin

Lopez is a  patronymical surname meaning son of Lope. Lope comes from the Spanish form of Lupus, a Latin personal name meaning wolf. The Lopes variation of this surname often originates from Portugal. Lopez is the  21st most popular surname in the United States and the 4th most common Hispanic surname. It is also among the top five most common last names in Argentina. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  Lopes, Lopaz, Lopas Famous People with the Surname Lopez Jennifer Lopez - American actress and pop singerGeorge Lopez - comedianMario Lopez - American actorJosà © Là ³pez Portillo y Pacheco - former President of MexicoFrancisco Solano Là ³pez - former President of ParaguayNancy Lopez - popular LPGA American golfer Genealogy Resources for the Surname Lopez 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsLearn about the origins of Hispanic last names, and the meanings of many of the most common Spanish surnames. Lopez Family Tree WebsiteA Web site for all descendants of Basilio Là ³pez and Sabina Jalandoni from the Basilio Lopez Family Association. Lopez Group DNA ProjectThe Lopez Family Project at FamilyTreeDNA seeks to find common heritage through sharing of information and DNA testing. Any variant spellings of the Lopez surname, including Lopes, are welcome. Lopez Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Lopez surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Lopez query. FamilySearch - LOPEZ GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Lopez surname and its variations. LOPEZ Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Lopez surname. DistantCousin.com - LOPEZ Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Lopez. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Ernest Hemingways Experiences - 651 Words

Hemingway used his written work as a depiction of his own life experiences in a number of ways. Like many other author’s he uses his stories and his poems to show his life. In stories such as â€Å"Soldier’s Home†, A Farewell to Arms, and â€Å"In Another Country† he portrays the characters as a reflection of himself. In each of these examples Hemingway explains multiple different aspects of his own life including, his life prior, during, after the war, and his love of a woman named Agnes. Although these stories aren’t exact descriptions of his life, they can be interpreted as depictions of his experiences. In the story titled, â€Å"In Another Country†, Hemingway speaks with an Italian major at a hospital. He uses the character named â€Å"Nick† to portray his own self. One example of this is â€Å"My knee did not bend and the leg dropped straight from the knee to the ankle without a calf, and the machine was to bend the knee and make it move as riding a tricycle. But it did not bend yet, and instead the machine lurched when it came to the bending part.† (Hemingway, Ernest. In Another Country.) Hemingway uses this to depict his own real life leg injury that he went through when fighting in war. Another example in this story is when Hemingway has his character talk to the Italian Major. He conveys his own message through him speaking with the man. â€Å"Why must not a man marry? He cannot marry. He cannot marry, he said angrily. If he is to lose everything, he should not place himself in aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ernest Hemingway’s Writings and Wartime Expe riences2405 Words   |  10 PagesHemingway’s Writings and Wartime Experiences      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oak Park, Illinois greatly influenced the writing world on July 12,1899.   For on that day Grace Hemingway, the wife of Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, gave forth to the writing world a baby boy by the name of Ernest Miller Hemingway (Young 82). 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Hemingway’s literature and writing style were greatly influenced by current events occuring during his lifetime such as major wars. During his lifetime World War I and the Spanish Civil War took place, Hemingway was closely involvedRead MoreErnest Hemingway: A Brief Biography 1210 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois in 1899. He was a writer who started his career with a newspaper office in Kansas City when he was seventeen. When the United States got involved in the First World War, Hemingway joined with a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. During his service, he was wounded, and was decorated by the Italian Government. Upon his return to the United States, he was employed by Canadian and American newspapers as a reporter, and sent back to Europe

The Recently Leaked Secret to The Best Research Paper Writing Site Uncovered

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Thursday, April 23, 2020

Physics Mc Practice free essay sample

The drawing shows three containers filled to the same height with the same fluid. In which container, if any, is the pressure at the bottom greatest? (a) Container A, because its bottom has the greatest surface area. (b) All three containers have the same pressure at the bottom. (c) Container A, because it has the greatest volume of fluid. (d) Container B, because it has the least volume of fluid. (e) Container C, because its bottom has the least surface area. 2. Three solid objects are floating in a liquid, as in the drawing. They have different weights and volumes, but have the same thickness (the dimension perpendicular to the page). Rank the objects according to their density, largest first. (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B 3. The kinetic energy of an object attached to a horizontal ideal spring is denoted by KE and the elastic potential energy by PE. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics Mc Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the simple harmonic motion of this object the maximum kinetic energy and the maximum elastic potential energy during an oscillation cycle are KEmax and PEmax , respectively. In the absence of friction, air resistance, and any other nonconservative forces, which of the following equations applies to the object–spring system? A. KE+PE = constant B. KEmax = PEmax (a) A, but not B (b) B, but not A (c) A and B (d) Neither A nor B 4. The drawing shows three objects rotating about a vertical axis. The mass of each object is given in terms of m0 , and its perpendicular distance from the axis is specified in terms of r0. Rank the three objects according to their moments of inertia, largest to smallest. (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B 5. The drawing illustrates an overhead view of a door and its axis of rotation. The axis is perpendicular to the page. There are four forces acting on the door, and they have the same magnitude. Rank the torque ? that each force produces, largest to smallest. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ? 4 , ? 3 , ? 2 , ? 1 ? 3 , ? 2 , ? 1 and ? 4 (a two-way tie) ? 2 , ? 4 , ? 3 , ? 1 ? 1 , ? 4 , ? 3 , ? 2 ? 2 , ? 3 and ? 4 (a two-way tie), ? 1 6. Two points are located on a rigid wheel that is rotating with a decreasing angular velocity about a fixed axis. Point A is located on the rim of the wheel and point B is halfway between the rim and the axis. Which one of the following statements is true concerning this situation? (a) Both points have the same centripetal acceleration. (b) Both points have the same tangential acceleration. (c) The angular velocity at point A is greater than that of point B. (d) Both points have the same instantaneous angular velocity. (e) Each second, point A turns through a greater angle than point B. 7. Two identical cars are traveling at the same speed. One is heading due east and the other due north, as the drawing shows. Which statement is true regarding the kinetic energies and momenta of the cars? (a) They both have the same kinetic energies and the same momenta. (b) They have the same kinetic energies, but different momenta. (c) They have different kinetic energies, but the same momenta. (d) They have different kinetic energies and different momenta. 8. The same force F pushes in three different ways on a box moving with a velocity v, as the drawings show. Rank the work done by the force F in ascending order (smallest first): (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) C, A, B (e) B, C, A 9. In which one of the following circumstances could mechanical energy not possibly be conserved, even if friction and air resistance are absent? (a) A car moves up a hill, its velocity continually decreasing along the way. (b) A car moves down a hill, its velocity continually increasing along the way. (c) A car moves along level ground at a constant velocity. (d) A car moves up a hill at a constant velocity. 10. The drawings show three examples of the force with which someone pushes against a vertical wall. In each case the magnitude of the pushing force is the same. Rank the normal forces that the wall applies to the pusher in ascending order (smallest first). (a) C, B, A (b) B, A, C (c) A, C, B (d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B 11. Three identical blocks are being pulled or pushed across a horizontal surface by a force F, as shown in the drawings. The force F in each case has the same magnitude. Rank the kinetic frictional forces that act on the blocks in ascending order (smallest first). (a) B, C, A (b) C, A, B (c) B, A, C (d) C, B, A (e) A, C, B 12. An object is moving at a constant velocity. All but one of the following statements could be true. Which one cannot be true? (a) No forces act on the object. (b) A single force acts on the object. (c) Two forces act simultaneously on the object. (d) Three forces act simultaneously on the object. 13. Each drawing shows three points along the path of a projectile, one on its way up, one at the top, and one on its way down. The launch point is on the left in each drawing. Which drawing correctly represents the acceleration a of the projectile at these three points? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 14. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 15. Two objects A and B accelerate from rest with the same constant acceleration. Object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B, however. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these objects at the end of their respective periods of acceleration? (a) Object A will travel twice as far as object B. (b) Object A will travel four times as far as object B. (c) Object A will travel eight times further than object B. (d) Object A will be moving four times faster than object B. (e) Object A will be moving eight times faster than object B. 16. Which one of the following statements concerning the moment of inertia I is false? I may be expressed in units of kg †¢ m2. (b) I depends on the angular acceleration of the object as it rotates. (c) I depends on the location of the rotation axis relative to the particles that make up the object. (d) I depends on the orientation of the rotation axis relative to the particles that make up the object. (e) Of the particles that make up an object, the particle with the smallest mass may contribute the greatest amount to I. 17. A wrecking ball attached to the end of a long, essentially massless chain is released from rest, from a height H = 5 meters off the ground, as shown in figure 1. At the lowest point of its swing, it collides with a piece of modern sculpture. Since the sculpture is made of wet clay, it sticks to the wrecking ball. The wrecking ball has mass 200 kg. The sculpture has mass 100 kg. During the collision the mechanical energy of the whole system: (a) increases (b) decreases (c) stays same (d) cannot be determined 18. Two identical satellites are in orbit about the earth. One orbit has a radius r and the other 2r. The centripetal force on the satellite in the larger orbit is as that on the satellite in the smaller orbit. The apparent weight of a passenger in an elevator is greater than his true weight. Which one of the following is true? (a) The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving upward with a decreasing speed. (b) The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving downward with an increasing speed. (c) The elevator is either moving upward with a decreasing speed or moving downward with a decreasing speed. The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving downward with a decreasing speed. (e) The elevator is either moving upward with a decreasing speed or moving downward with an increasing speed. 20. What is the difference between distance and displacement? (a) Distance is a vector, while displacement is not a vector. (b) Displacement is a vector, while distance is not a vector. (c) There is no difference between the two concepts; they may be used interchangeably. (d) Only Physicsts know the difference, but there really isn’t any practical difference between the two.